
2011 Copa America (courtesy AFA)
Today Argentina kick off their campaign to become Copa América champions for the first time since 1993 against Bolivia in La Plata. It will also mark the coming home of the tournament, known until 1975 as the South American Championship, to Argentina 95 years after the inaugural competition was held in Buenos Aires. Then just four teams took part in games played in a single venue, this year’s Copa will see 12 sides battle it out in cities across the north of Argentina; Jujuy, Salta, San Juan, Córdoba, Santa Fe and Mendoza as well as La Plata, before the final to be held in the Estadio Monumental in Buenos Aires on 24 July.
The Copa América has an illustrious history, being the oldest continuously played for international football tournament, in which Argentina has played an integral part, winning the competition a joint-record 12 times along with Uruguay.
Origins
In 1916, to celebrate 100 years of Argentine independence, the Argentine Football Association (AFA) with the support of the Argentinian Ministry of Foreign Relations, held a tournament that was later to be considered the first South American Championship. Aside from Argentina, the other countries invited were neighbours Brazil, Uruguay and Chile. On 2 July, Uruguay beat Chile 4-0 in the tournaments inaugural match played in the Gimnasia y Esgrima stadium in Buenos Aires, setting them on their way to what would ultimate competition victory.
However, such was the impression made by the tournament that the Uruguayan football administrator, Héctor Rivadavia Gómez, who had been agitating for closer continental ties for several years, was moved, along with the help of his counterparts from Brazil, Argentina and Chile to found the South American Football Federation, known by its Spanish acronym CONMEBOL, who later at its first congress gave the tournament official status as the first South American Championship.
A year later the first CONMEBOL staged South American Championship was held in Montevideo and was again won by Uruguay. This time, the teams were playing for the Copa América, a handsome trophy costing 3,000 French Francs which remains in use to this day.
Rioplatense rivalry
The tournament in the 1920s was dominated by the two countries who would be at the forefront of not just South American, but world football for the next decade, Uruguay and Argentina.

Map of Rio de la Plata separating Argentina and Uruguay (courtesy of Wikipedia)
In 1921 Argentina finally won the competition as hosts for the second time, winning all three of their games without conceding a goal. Much of the credit for this went their outstanding goalkeeper Américo Tesoriere, and top scorer, Newell’s Old Boys striker Julio Libonatti, who five years later would become the first Argentine to be transferred to Europe when he signed for Torino in Italy. After their final match against Uruguay, the players were joyously carried for several miles by fans from the Sportivo Barracas stadium to the Plaza de Mayo in the heart of Buenos Aires.
Argentina’s next victory in 1925, again as hosts, had a more hollow ring to it as only Paraguay and Brazil joined them in the tournament, with Chile and Uruguay – the newly crowned Olympic Champions – opting out (although this may have been as a result of the turbulent ‘friendly’ matches played the year before between Argentina and Uruguay which soured footballing relations between the two countries).
Each side played each other twice and a 2-2 draw with Brazil was enough to the clinch the cup. Argentina’s star was top-scorer, Manuel Seoane who was rather fortunate to be playing in the competition at all. He was a player with Independiente who at the time were playing in a breakaway league not affiliated to the Argentine FA (AFA) and therefore CONMEBOL, making him ineligible for selection. However, whilst serving a one year suspension in that league, he was loaned to minnows El Porvenir, who did play in the AFA’s league making him eligible after all.
With league splits behind it, Argentina were able to field a full strength team at the 1927 championship in Perú, which had the added bonus of qualification for the 1928 Olympic Games for the top two teams. They proceeded to dominate the tournament, thrashing Bolivia 7-1 and Perú 5-1, and seeing off reigning champions Uruguay 3-2 to win their third title, with starring roles for Seoane, Tesoriere and Ludovico Bidoglio.
In fact the most difficult part of the tournament for the Argentines was actually getting to Perú. They left by train from Mendoza, crossing the Andes before catching a boat from the Chilean port of Valparaiso to Callao and then making their way to Lima.
Uruguay emerged top dogs at the 1928 Olympics beating Argentina in the final, but la albiceleste gained their revenge the following year when the competition came back to Buenos Aires. After beating Perú and Paraguay, they sealed their fourth cup by beating Uruguay 2-0 in front of 60,000 fans in San Lorenzo’s Gasómetro stadium.
However, thanks to the haemorrhaging of its top players like Luis Monti, Raimundo Orsi and Enrique Guaita to the riches of Italy following the 1930 World Cup, it would be a further eight years before Argentina triumphed again in the South American Championship.
Played once more in Buenos Aires, including matches played under new-fangled floodlights, Argentina found themselves tied at the top of the table with Brazil after each team had played each other, forcing a play-off match between the two to decide the cup. After drawing 0-0 in normal time, the 17-year-old Vicente de la Mata became Argentine’s hero scoring twice to secure the trophy.
Golden Age
With the return of the Italian migrants and Argentine domestic football booming following the introduction of professionalism, Argentina’s national team reached its apogee in the 1940s under the stewardship of Guillermo Stábile, winning the competition in 1941, 1945, 1946 and 1947. Playing a swift passing game known as ‘la nuestra’, the team drew heavily on the famed River Plate club side dubbed ‘la máquina’ for it’s domination of the Argentine league during the same period. They included the biggest stars of the era; Juan Manuel Moreno, Adolfo Pedenera, Juan Carlos Muñoz, Félix Loustau and Ángel Labruna.
With no meaningful football being played elsewhere as Europe and Asia were consumed by total war, the South American Championship assumed much greater significance as the de facto World Cup, the winners being able to plausibly claim to be the best in the world.
The 1941 triumph in Santiago was memorable for a five-goal salvo by Tigre striker, Juan Marvezzi against hapless Ecuador.

Argentina 2011 Team (Photo: Alejandro Pagni / courtesy AFA)
Victory in 1945 was arguably even more impressive given the quality of the opposition players on show such as Obdulio Varela of Uruguay and the Brazilians; Zizinho, Ademir and Domingos da Guia. Nonetheless, none were able to tame six-goal joint top scorer Norberto Méndez who was ably assisted by the likes of Mario Boyé, René Pontoni and Rinaldo Martino as they thrashed Ecuador 4-0, Perú 4-2 and Colombia 9-1 en route to the title.
Home advantage again proved crucial in 1946 as Argentina cruised past all comers, winning all five games, scoring 17 goals and conceding just three, equalling Uruguay’s record of eight titles in the process.
Argentina’s third consecutive triumph in Ecuador saw the emergence of one of the greatest Argentine’s ever to play the game – Alfredo Di Stéfano. Debuting in the 7-0 thrashing of Bolivia, the young River Plate forward would go on to score six goals. Sadly, his talents would be lost to the Argentine cause as he went first to Millonarios de Bogotá following the 1948 players’ strike in Argentina, and then to Real Madrid where he earned near immortality, taking Spanish citizenship and playing for Spain instead.
Return to the Mainstream
The 1947 triumph would be Argentina’s last participation in the South American Championship for eight years. After the 1948 players’ strike many of the country’s top players followed Di Stéfano’s example and went to Colombia, depriving the national team of a generation of talent.
Keen to preserve notions of Argentine superiority, the regime of Juan Perón which permeated all levels of the game in Argentina, withdrew the national team from international competition (including the 1950 World Cup in neighbouring Brazil) lest they were beaten.
Fielding Independiente’s forward line of Ricardo Bonelli, Carlos José Cecconato , Osvaldo Cruz, Ernesto Grillo and Rodolfo MIcheli en bloc, Argentina made a winning return in 1955, the highlight of which was a 6-1 hammering of 1950 World Champions, Uruguay.
In Lima in 1957 Argentina’s team again reached the heights of the 1940s. Boasting a 20-year-old forward line of Humberto Maschio, Antonio Angelillo and Omar Sívori – nicknamed ‘los ángeles con caras sucias’ – ‘The Angels with Dirty Faces’ after the popular Hollywood movie of the time, Argentina simply swept aside all before them, winning the cup with a game to spare having already dispatched Colombia 8-2, Ecuador 3-0, Uruguay 4-0, Chile 6-2 and Brazil 3-0.
Hopes were high that Argentina would replicate their success at the 1958 World Cup in Sweden, but these were dashed when Maschio, Angelillo and Sívori all transferred to Italy, Argentina ultimately being humbled by Czechoslovakia.
They regained a measure of self-respect at the 1959 tournament by overshadowing a Brazil side containing World Cup winners Pelé, Garrincha, Didi, Nilton Santos, Djalma Santos and Mario Zagallo to win the cup again on home soil, the last time for more than three decades.

Sergio Batista (Photo: Emiliano Lasalvia / courtesy of AFA)
Doldrums
The tournament fell into neglect during the 1960s and 70s only being held sporadically and on a home and away basis, as countries baulked at the costs of staging the competition in straightened times.
On the pitch Argentina were in a period of transition, using the championship as trials for more important World Cup campaigns rather than fielding their strongest available side and the team failed to prosper as lesser lights like Perú and Paraguay took the laurels.
Homesickness
In 1987 CONMEBOL tried to reinvigorate the tournament, by now officially known as the Copa América, by reverting to a single fixed venue to be rotated around the ten member nations every two years. They started with the 1987 competition in Argentina, played in Buenos Aires, Rosario and Córdoba.
As reigning World Champions, captained by the incomparable Diego Maradona, Argentina were red hot favourites on home turf. However, they looked lethargic, especially Maradona who was suffering from flu, and went out with barely a whimper to Uruguay in the semi-final.
Back-to-back wins
After Argentina had earned few friends in brawling their way to the 1990 World Cup Final, the task of restoring Argentina’s reputation fell to new coach, Alfio ‘Coco’ Basile at the 1991 Copa in Chile.
With Maradona unavailable following a drugs ban, Basile fielded a team of young unheralded players ably led by veteran defender, Oscar Ruggeri. However they soon gelled, with striker Gabriel Batistuta showing himself to be a superstar in the making scoring six goals, finishing top of Group A before beating Brazil 3-2 in a bruising final round encounter, which saw two players from each side sent off. They drew 0-0 with the hosts, and a 2-1 victory over Colombia was enough to give them their first Copa victory in 32 years.
On the back of a long unbeaten run, Argentina retained the title in Ecuador two years later as the tournament expanded to include two invited teams from North and Central America. Hero of the hour for Argentina this time was goalkeeper Sergio Goycochea who reprised his penalty saving heroics of the 1990 World Cup against Brazil in the quarter-final and Colombia in the semi-final. In the final it was again Batistuta who made the difference, scoring an 85th minute winner to break Mexican hearts.
With the Copa América playing second fiddle to the concurrent marathon World Cup qualifying campaigns which began in the mid-1990s, Argentina again reverted to fielding experimental teams in the Copa with predictably poor results, failing to progress past the quarter-finals between 1995 and 2001 (when they withdrew for security reasons).
Brazilian heartbreak
In a bid to restore the relevancy of the Copa América CONMEBOL began the transition of the competition into a four yearly event in the year immediately following the World Cup.

Lionel Messi (Photo: Emiliano Lasalvia / courtesy of AFA)
The first tournament during this transition was in Perú in 2004, when under Marcelo Bielsa, Argentina thrilled their way to the final with exciting young talent like Javier Saviola, Andrés D’Alessandro and Carlos Tévez, as they scored 15 goals. In the decider they led Brazil 2-1 with just seconds to go on the clock, when Adriano scored a dramatic late equalizer. Demoralized, Argentina lost the resultant penalty shoot-out.
Three years later in Venezuela, Argentina once more blitzed their way to the final as 20-year-old Barcelona sensation, Lionel Messi, staged a one-man goal of the tournament competition. Well supported by Javier Mascherano, Maxi Rodríguez and Tévez amongst others, Argentina looked set to go all the way, but were once more thwarted by their nemesis Brazil in the final. An early own goal by Roberto Ayala set the scene as Brazil romped to a 3-0 win.
History beckons Sergio Batista’s men, if Messi and Co can all find form together then Argentina can pull ahead of Uruguay in terms of all-time Copa victories. Over the next three weeks all will become clear.